In order to overcome the shortcomings of underwater sensor network communication security and the characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel, this paper proposes a secure hierarchical hybrid encryption communication protocol based on quantum teleportation for underwater sensor network. For the first layer in the communication of the surface station and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), the method achieves shared key transmission in the onshore sink and AUV by the application of quantum teleportation to ensure the security of the communication information by quantum nonlocality. For the second layer in the AUV and UW-sensor, it attains the underwater node to the autonomous underwater vehicle transmission information encryption using symmetric encryption algorithms to improve the efficiency of the communication by using the symmetric key. The paper analyzes quantum attack, classical attack and communication efficiency, and the proposed protocol can effectively prevent quantum intercepted attack, quantum reconstructive attack and quantum replacement attack.