Abstract:As a two-dimensional formal method, Graph grammar provides an intuitive and formal way to specify visual programming languages. However, most existing graph grammar formalisms have some deficiencies in the ability of dealing with spatial semantics, which influences the expressive power and practical application scope of graph grammar. For solving the problems, this study defines visual node to build a new spatial graph grammar formalism vCGG (virtual-node based coordinate graph grammar). Different from other spatial graph grammars, vCGG takes the virtual nodes to specify the relationships of syntax structure and spatial semantic between host graphs and productions, which reserves the power of the abstraction and improves the specification of spatial semantics. Compared with other spatial graph grammars, the formalism of vCGG has good performance in the intuitiveness, normalization, expressive power, and analysis efficiency.