区块链测试基准综述
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TP311

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国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2702102)


Survey on Blockchain Benchmarks
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    摘要:

    近年来, 区块链技术已经广泛应用到数据要素流通、金融、物流、政务以及司法等领域. 随之也出现了若干区块链测试基准, 以评测不同区块链系统的性能. 然而, 现有区块链测试基准内容差异较大, 缺少统一的区块链测试基准框架来规范基准的内容, 也缺失统一的指标体系来明确区块链系统在性能和安全性方面应具备的能力. 从数据库发展历程来看, 统一的、可重复的、公平的测试基准规范可以更好地引导行业发展. 区块链本身也是一种特殊的分布式数据库管理系统, 应该借鉴数据库技术在发展过程中积累的宝贵经验. 参考数据库测试基准的内容, 针对区块链系统所特有的去中心化、不可篡改、可信等特点, 提出一个区块链测试基准参考框架UFBCB. 该参考框架定义了区块链测试基准的5个核心要素: 应用模型、数据模型、负载、指标和执行规则, 并阐明5个要素相互之间的关系, 为区块链性能评测提供了一个统一的参考标准. 提出一个全面衡量区块链系统各项关键能力的测试指标体系, 包含性能、能耗、扩展性和安全性这4个方面的指标, 基本覆盖了已有的区块链测试指标. 在此基础上, 将UFBCB框架与现有区块链测试基准进行详尽的对比分析, 指出目前区块链测试基准存在的普遍问题. 最后, 对区块链测试基准未来的发展方向进行了讨论.

    Abstract:

    In recent years, blockchain technology has undergone rapid development and found widespread application in areas such as data circulation, finance, logistics, government affairs, and judiciary. Alongside this growth, various benchmarks have emerged to evaluate the performance of different blockchain systems. However, these benchmarks exhibit significant differences in scope and methodology, lacking a unified framework to standardize their design and evaluation processes. In addition, there is no consistent metric system to explicitly define the performance and security capabilities required of blockchain systems. Drawing from the development history of databases, a unified, repeatable, and fair benchmarking standard can provide valuable guidance for industry advancement. As a specialized form of distributed database management system, blockchain can benefit from the extensive experience gained through the evolution of database technology. Inspired by database benchmarks and considering the unique characteristics of blockchain systems such as decentralization, immutability, and trustworthiness, a blockchain benchmarking reference framework, UFBCB, has been proposed. This framework identifies five core elements essential to blockchain benchmarks: application model, data model, workload, metrics, and execution rules, and clarifies the interrelationship among these elements. It provides a unified standard for evaluating blockchain performance. Moreover, a comprehensive metric system encompassing performance, energy efficiency, scalability, and security is introduced, aiming to capture the critical capabilities of blockchain systems comprehensively. Based on this framework, a detailed comparative analysis of existing blockchain benchmarks is conducted, highlighting common issues and deficiencies. Finally, this study discusses potential directions for the future development of blockchain benchmarking.

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张孝,秦春玲,王文收,刘昊,陈晋川,杜小勇.区块链测试基准综述.软件学报,,():1-33

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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
  • 最后修改日期:2024-09-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-04-25
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