准确、快速地获取IP地理定位信息对于各种网络应用而言至关重要. IP地理定位指将互联网实体的IP地址转换为其地理位置的技术. 然而, 互联网规模的迅速扩大和互联网应用的快速发展, 给IP地理定位研究带来了巨大的挑战. 首先, 复杂的网络结构和网络环境导致IP定位技术的精确度远远无法满足实际的应用需求. 其次, IP地理定位在各个领域的作用日益凸显, 如何精准、高效、可靠地计算互联网主机的地理位置正在成为各行关注的焦点. 因此, 通过设备的IP地址对其进行地理定位以支撑复杂的上层应用尤为重要. 自2001年以来, 学术界和工业界围绕上述问题开展了大量的研究. 系统地梳理了客户端独立的IP地理定位方面的相关工作, 首次系统地整理了基于网络测量的IP地理定位研究分类方法. 根据定位数据是否由主动测量产生, 将相关研究分为主动的IP定位技术、被动的IP定位技术和主被动结合的IP定位技术. 进一步, 对每一类方法进行更细粒度的分类并分析其主要的优缺点. 在此基础上, 总结了IP地理定位领域的最新进展和研究挑战, 并展望其未来发展方向.

Capturing an accurate view of IP geolocation is of great interest to the networking research community as it has many uses ranging from network measuring and mapping to analyzing the network’s infrastructure. However, the scale of today’s Internet, coupled with the rapid development of Internet applications, makes it very challenging to acquire a complete and accurate snapshot of the IP geolocation technology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic survey of the relevant research in this field. To fill this gap, this study systematically summarizes the research of client-independent IP geolocation, in which the clients do not participate in the geolocation process, for the first time. This study aims to examine the major research studies that have been conducted on topics related to IP geolocation in the last 22 years since the first IP-based geolocation technology was proposed. To this end, these prior studies are classified according to the measurement method, that is, active, passive, and hybrid. The main techniques for each category are described, identifying their significant advantages and limitations. Also, the primary experience and lessons learned from these past efforts are presented. After the process, the latest progress in IP geolocation both in academia and industry is shown. Finally, the survey and present promising directions in the future are concluded, hoping to promote the development of IP geolocation.

TP393

国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3105001); 国家自然科学基金(62172251)