Software reliability is one of the research hotspots in the field of software engineering, and failure rate analysis is a typical research method for software reliability. However, the software construction mode has evolved from a single mode to a large-scale collaborative model represented by open source software. As one of the representative products, the operating system included open source software connected through combining relationships and dependencies has formed a supply network of tens of thousands of nodes. Typical methods lack consideration of supply relationships and cannot accurately identify and evaluate the software reliability issues introduced as a result. This article extends the concept of supply chain to the field of open source software, proposes a knowledge-based management method for software supply reliability in collaborative model: design the ontological body for the open source software ecosystem firstly, and then construct the knowledge graph of open source software to achieve the extraction, storage and management of knowledge; driven by knowledge, combined with traditional supply chain management methods, A set of reliability management methods for open source software supply chain is proposed, which constitutes a set of open source software supply chain management system. Taking the construction of a Linux operating system distribution as an example in experiment, it demonstrates how the open source software supply chain will support the reliability of the operating system. Results show that the open source software supply chain will help to clarify and evaluate the reliability risk of large complex system software.