Network performance measurement, which takes advantage of specific methods and techniques to quantify network performance, is the core branch of the network measurement research. Network performance measurement and analysis provides the most effective and fundamental way of quantifying network performance and characterizing network behavior. Network performance measurement has great significance in network modeling, network security, network management and network optimization. Drawing on the latest research progress, this paper presents the principles, characteristics and implementation mechanisms of the representative algorithms for bandwidth measurement, packet loss measurement and delay measurement. The main discussions include temporal uncertainty and spatial uncertainty during bandwidth measurement, the distinctness of application packet loss and probe packet loss, and the relationship between the clock offset and clock skew. Lastly, the paper discusses some challenges and directions in the field network performance measurement study.