In order to reduce the overall energy consumption of the distributed embedded system（DES）, this paper proposes an adaptive energy management and analysis method based on the attributes of devices and their relationships by considering the boot device set and the dynamic supply voltage of devices. The study results in the distributed embedded energy consumption net (DE-Net) which is used to model the basic components of the embedded system. The model of energy consumption is then formed to characterize the execution process and the attributes of energy consumption. Finally, CTL is used to express the basic properties of DES. The operational semantics of Petri nets helps verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The example and experimental results show that this method can correctly describe the adaptive energy consumption of DES and simplify the modeling and analysis process, which has important theoretical significance and practical value for developing the low energy consumption of DES.