在分析现有改进算法的基础上,结合视知觉及认知心理学的相关理论,提出一种具备视觉反馈与行为记忆学习能力的新型蚁群算法:首先,建立视觉模型使得蚂蚁能够通过人工视觉感知周围目标城市的分布,用视知觉修正信息素噪声,提高蚂蚁探索质量;其次,建立行为记忆学习模型,使蚂蚁能够从已经走过的局部最优路径中提取经验来指导周游活动,加快算法收敛速度并强化寻优能力.经过与传统改进策略比较发现,新算法在求解质量与求解时间上均有明显改进.

Based on the analysis of exist ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms and the studies in visual perception and cognitive psychology, this paper proposes a new optimization strategy, the visual feedback and behavioral memory based Max-Min ant colony optimization algorithm (VM-MMACO). The main idea is to enhance the ant’s search ability by establishing the learning mechanism of visual feedback and behavioral memory. With artificial visual memory and learning abilities, the ant can not only see the targets around, using visual perception to optimize the heuristic information produced by pheromone in order to improve the search quality, but can also exploit the historical solutions, finding local best segments (called experience) to narrow the searching space smoothly, so that it can accelerate the convergence process. Comparisons of VM-MMACO and existing optimization strategies within a given iteration number are performed on the publicly available TSP instances from TSPLIB. The results demonstrates that VM-MMACO significantly outperforms other optimization strategies. Finally, according to the accumulative learning theory, the learning mechanism could be studied further to make a much more intelligent algorithm.

国家自然科学基金(60675008, 61033012)