With the rapid development of numerous applications and optical network, fast long distance optical network has emerged in the Internet field. Some novel studies indicated that, due to the exigent requirement of scientific applications and the rapid improvement of network bandwidth, the network transfer speed has outstripped the processing speed of the end systems. Therefore, the congestion has been pushed into the end nodes and the processing ability of the end system has become a bottleneck in such a network. Thus several novel end-system performance aware transport protocols have been proposed. The authors categorize and describe all these protocols, and emphatically analyze that congestion detection, rate adaption mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of schemes. Subsequently, the current existing open issues are summarized and some further interesting directions are pointed out.