This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of biometric template protection technology domestic and abroad, and then systemizes almost all the related research directions. First it is clarified that the underlying disadvantages of traditional biometric systems and the attacks they are vulnerable to. Then the necessity and difficulty of protecting biometric template are drawn naturally. Afterwards this paper classifies the methods and algorithms into various categories based on the operation manner, and elaborates specifically some representative ones, such as Biohashing and Fuzzy Vault and so on. In the experiment, evaluations of Biohashing and Fuzzy Vault are carried on different fingerprint databases, and the results show the advantages and disadvantages of Biohashing method, as well as our improved Fuzzy Fingerprint Vault’s better performance and security on FVC2002 DB2.