At present, software reliability researchers and engineers are desperately hindered by the lack of failure data. In this paper, the authors present a model, which is called JBFDM （Jade Bird failure data model）, for failure data based on the study and analysis of the relationship between software testing and reliability estimation. Furthermore, based on the model JBFDM, an approach of carrying out failure data collection and management is also proposed, and a data collection tool, which is called JBFDCollector is presented.