传感器网络作为当代信息获取的重要手段之一,受到各国各界的广泛关注.在传感器网络中,能量问题一直是限制其广泛应用的重要约束和挑战.由于无线充电技术和智能移动节点的发展,使得综合使用这两种技术能够彻底解决传感器网络中的能量问题.这类采用无线充电方案的传感器网络称为无线可充电传感器网络.其中,充电规划影响无线可充电传感器网络在解决能量问题时的成本和效果,因此成为研究的热点.综述了最近几年无线可充电传感器网络研究中充电规划设计,从软、硬件层面的6个不同维度对这些方案进行分类概述和对比分析,总结在不同应用场景下进行充电规划设计的一般性思路,并通过3个实例进行演示,验证该设计思路的易用性和实用性.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as powerful tools for information acquisition have been receiving wide attention. Due to size and cost restrictions of the sensor nodes, energy problem has been a fundamental constrain and challenge faced by many applications of WSNs. To solve the energy problem, researchers jointly apply the emerging techniques of wireless power transfer and intelligent mobile vehicles to develop a new paradigm of wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). In designing WRSNs, a first and foremost problem is the charging programming capability. A well-designed charging programming can maintain a WRSN working continuously at a low cost. This paper surveys the latest research on charging programming in WRSNs from 6 different dimensions. In each dimension, different types of charging programming are analyzed and compared. Based on these analyses, design principles in different applications are proposed. These principles are applied to design charging programming in 3 realistic WSNs and the usability of these principles is demonstrated.

国家自然科学基金(60973122); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2009CB320705); 东南大学优秀博士学位论文基金