Feature model is an essential concept and artifact in feature oriented software development (FOSD). It depicts commonality and variability (C&V) of products in terms of features. With increasingly frequent software evolution, keeping the feature model in consistent with the evolution is very important. Most of the related researches usually analyze the C&V on the requirement level, and modeling the analyzed C&V by the feature model. However, since the feature changes may cause the ripple effect during the modeling process, some new commonalities and variability may be derived. The current researches are still not able to resolve this problem, which leads to some potential overlooking commonalities and inefficiency in reuse. This paper proposes an approach to extend the feature model and analyze the software evolution based on the feature model. The extensions of feature dependency and evolution meta-operators can support the ripple effect analysis of the feature changes, as well as the exploration of the potential commonalities. The new approach also develops some refactoring strategies and a semi-automated tool to support commonality extraction and feature refactoring. In addition, rules and strategies are designed to resolve typical configuration conflicts. Finally, the paper employs a case study to validate the applicability and effectiveness of the presented method.