Traffic measurement in high-speed network is essential for network monitoring, management, and control. Based on the applications of network traffic measurement, this study divides the measurement into sampling methods and data stream methods. Sampling methods are partitioned into packet sampling and flow sampling, both are introduced. Data stream methods are introduced from different metrics. This study introduces in detail the common data structure and applications based on sampling and data stream methods in high-speed network. Drawbacks of different methods are analyzed and compared. The research progress of high-speed network traffic measurement technology is summarized. Finally, the limitation of recent network traffic measurement methods, the evolving trend of network traffic measurement, and some possible directions of future research are discussed.