Based on the balanced energy consumption, this paper proposes a multi-gateway nodes data collected routing algorithm based on load balancing tree (TBLB algorithm), which combines factors with robustness, data forwarding and anti-interference etc. On condition that multi-gateway, TBLB algorithm forms a kind of load balancing tree with the gateway node for the root node combining node energy and degree, which coordinates load balance between the nodes through the load balancing tree and effectively reduces the node energy consumption. In addition, nodes make path choice and gateway switching according to the path performance evaluation factor W to further reduce the communication overhead of network nodes and to improve the gateway node bottleneck. Simulation results show that TBLB algorithm can effectively equilibrium network load. TBLB also can improve network energy consumption and packets of gateway.