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| 夏清,窦文生,郭凯文,梁赓,左春,张凤军.区块链共识协议综述.软件学报,2021,32(2):0 |
| 区块链共识协议综述 |
| Survey on Blockchain Consensus Protocol |
| 投稿时间：2019-09-30 修订日期：2020-02-13 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006150 |
| 中文关键词: 区块链 共识协议 出块节点选举 主链共识 工作量证明 |
| 英文关键词:blockchain consensus protocol blocker election main chain consensus proof of work |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导A类专项（XDA20080200） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1444 |
| 全文下载次数: 1121 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 共识协议作为区块链的核心技术，已经得到学术界和产业界的广泛重视，并取得一系列研究成果.当前关于共识协议的综述研究一般将共识协议作为整体进行比较分析，缺乏对共识协议中主要步骤的解耦与比较.本文将共识协议分为出块节点选举和主链共识两个主要步骤，并针对每个步骤进行协议间的分析比较.在出块节点选举部分，主要讨论工作量证明和权益证明，分析其中存在的问题、以及相应解决方案的分类比较.在主链共识部分，针对概率性共识和确定性共识，总结其安全目标，并进行安全性分析比较.通过共识协议的系统梳理，最后总结区块链共识协议的发展现状和发展趋势，以及未来重要研究方向. |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the core technology of blockchain, consensus protocol has received great attention from academy and industry in recent years. Existing surveys on blockchain generally regard the consensus protocol as a whole, and do not decouple and compare its main components. In this survey, we divide the consensus protocol into two main components, i.e., blocker election and main chain consensus. In the blocker election component, we mainly discuss two mechanisms, i.e., Proof of Work and Proof of Stake. For each mechanism, we analyze the encountered problems and compare their corresponding solutions. In the main chain consensus component, we summarize its security goal and conduct security comparison for probabilistic consensus and deterministic consensus. Through our comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art consensus protocol in blockchain, we finally summarize some important research directions for blockchain consensus. |
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