The state of the art of network architecture is presented. Based on a micro-communication element structure (MCES), a service-based network architecture prototype is implemented, in which service units are scheduled and assembled logically. While supporting QoS and ensuring network security more effectively, the prototype can be compatible with all existing TCP/IP applications by an improved socket design. The experimental results show that the prototype of service-based network architecture is feasible, and possesses good transmission efficiently and scalability.